Essay on the Genius of Ralph Ellison -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Genius of Ralph Ellison      Ã‚   I am an invisible man. With these five words, Ralph Ellison ignited the literary world with a work that commanded the respect of scholars everywhere and opened the floodgates for dialogue about the role of African-Americans in American society, the blindness that drove the nation to prejudice, and racial pluralism as a forum for recognizing the interconnection between all members of society regardless of race. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. . . . That invisibility to which I refer occurs because of a peculiar disposition of the eyes of those with whom I come in contact. A matter of the construction of their inner eyes, those eyes with which they look through their physical eyes upon reality (Ellison, 1). Roughly autobiographical in nature, Ellison's Invisible Man is also a chronology constructed to parallel the history of African-Americans, from slavery, Emancipation, subjugation, and a rising consciousness of injustice perpetrated against them. However, Ellison's literary finesse produced an opus that draws in every member of American society. Rather than alienating whites by portraying a man victimized by a racist system, Ellison appeals to the universal needs of humanity to be valued, recognized, and respected. Through his portrayal of an enigmatic, complex, invisible protagonist he makes the reader reflect upon the societal dynamics that marginalize people and create the unsettling climate that the protagonist's needs and feelings may be identical to those of the reader. Ellison's life has been called representative of that of African-Americans of his era. Born in 1914 to parents of farming and small business backgrounds, he grew up in O... ...s movement, to the current crossroads of affirmative action and other contemporary race issues. He transformed these issues from being matters of race to matters of humanity.    I am an invisible man. The pain of racism and diminished humanity rings through the work. Ellison's own life met with many of the same challenges, yet he made the story one not limited to the African American community. As the last sentence of the book asks, Who knows but that, on the lower frequencies, I speak for you?    Bibliography Bloom, Harold. Ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: Invisible Man. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers. 1999. Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. New York: Random House. 1952. Ellison, Ralph. Juneteenth. New York: Random House. 1999. McSweeny, Kerry. Invisible Man: Race and Identity. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1988.      

Financial Contingency Planning: Sources of Funding Essay

California has the largest prison population in the United States and some countries around the world. For over 40 years, the incarceration levels have risen. The prison rates have risen 700 percent since 1970, today it is estimated that one in 100 adults are incarcerated. Who pays the bill for this large increase, tax payers have and will continue until the Department of Justice and government have a solid plan to reduce the overwhelming criminal justice deficient. The taxpayers are not only paying to house the prisoners but to feed them and all their medical needs. One plan that was pass by the Supreme Court was to reduce the prison population, they gave California two years to do this (Henrichson, 2012). Revenue is big for state prisons; most states rely on taxpayers to foot the bill. Around the mid 1980’s is when prisons were financed by the pay as you go method and bonds there were $9.6 billion in construction costs. In the late 1990’s the expenditures were up to $ 22 billion dollars, this was over half the debt it cost to finance prisons. The general obligation bond was another way to pay for prisons, but this was financed by tax revenues and back by government credit. Getting prisons built pressured the Governor at the time, Mario Cuomo, he tried to use the Urban Development Corporation (UDC), and this fund was for oversight for low-income housing. This was shot down at the state supreme court. The lease revenue bonds became a way to pay for prisons. An entity or agency was created to build the prisons, they this agency would lease it to the government. In turn the taxpayers would pay back the loan, it was done this way because it did not require the government to ask the voters (â€Å"Public Bonds†, 2004). The Department of Justice (DOJ), just like most organizations has a contingency plan. The Antideficiency Act regulates what can and will not be paid for if the contingency plan is put into action. There are certain programs that will  always keep going; they are Diversion Control, Health Care fraud and abuse control, debt collection, asset forfeiture fund, and federal prison industries. According to â€Å"United States Department Of Justice† (2013), â€Å"Also, the Bureau of Prisons’ (BOP) Buildings and Facilities and Commissary accounts have multi-year authority and have adequate carryover funding to meet expenses during a lapse in appropriations †. In the event, the California prison system would need to activate their contingency plan the Bureau of Prison Buildings and Facilities and the Prison Industries and Commissary funds would carry over to meet any expenses. The employees, including medical staff are except from any finical constraints. (U.S. Department of Justice Contingency Plan). Public prisons became a drain on the budget since the mid 1990’s, and only getting worse. With the cost of living going up so does the cost of medical and psychiatric car. Also, another big stressor is the overcrowding in public prisons, with more inmates there is a need for more officers on duty, this results in more overtimes and hiring more officers. A way to lessen this burden is privatized prisons. There are several investors in the public stock market. Privatized prisons have investors that fund them. Miller (2012), â€Å"Private prisons can be defined in one of the following manners: a transfer of public facilities to a private organization; a contract to design and operate new prisons; and a contract to provide other services to public prisons such as transportation, medical care, food, and maintenance â€Å"(The Drain of Public Prison Systems and the Role of Privatization: An Analysis of State Correctional Systems). Private prisons do not have ties to the government , they are funded privately, however, and they may enter into a contract with the government. These contracts could be to house inmates and the government helps regulate private prisons. The public prisons use the private prisons to house many of the overcrowded prisons and the government has the power to place limitations and regulations on the organizations. AB 109 is a bill passed by the U.S. Supreme Court that ordered California to fix the overcrowding. This required California to reduce the prison population to 137.5 percent capacity. When the U.S. Supreme Court ordered California in May to fix its overcrowded prison problem, citing constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment, the court  rejected California’s bid for more time and upheld a two-year deadline to drastically cut inmate population in its 33 prisons to 137.5% of capacity by May 2013. To get there, there are several major steps, including a reduction of 10,000 inmates by November 28 to reach 167% of capacity. One idea California has is to use more community base programs for those non-violent prisoners who are released early. Some of the programs include transitional housing, jobs, and medical and mental health services. A poll was taken to see how the community felt about the early release of non-violent, non-sex, and non-serious offenders back into the community, they were in favor of them being released and managed within the community (Krisberg, 2011). The new parolees are supervised by the Post-Release Community Supervision program, about 104,00 are already living within the community. These changes would slowly take place. There are currently 65,000 current prisoners that fall under the AB 109 bill. These number will change as new people go to prisons and others are patrolled. A concern of the counties is funding, with the influx of offenders they worry how the communities will afford the large amount of people (Krisberg, 2011). Prison bonds are a fixed income security called lease revenue bonds (LRBs). These bonds are used to finance prisons. There are different types of bonds, traditional revenue bonds and lease revenue bonds. Traditional revenue bonds help repay the debt, the down side to these bonds is prisons do not generate revenue. The state treasury had to figure out how to create them, their solution was to have a private agency build the prison and then leases it to the state. The state takes money from one entity to pay another, a lot of the time it is taken from the general fund. These bonds are also tax except. The downfall to these bonds is the state can raise taxes to repay these obligations (Anderson, 2014). California has the largest prison population in the United States. Some of the questions asked about reducing the population are will this alter rates of incarceration, probation, supervision, and community programs. The state was giving a grant totaling $650.000 dollars from the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), the James Irvine Foundation, and the Public Welfare Foundation; this grant funded the Stanford Criminal Justice Center (SCJC) to  conduct the research. The SCJC was asked to effectively help California undertake and assess the realignment. This research this grant will provide will not only help California, but other states to reduce their prison population as well (â€Å"Stanford University†, 2013). There is another program called Fund for Nonviolence. This program is having several grants under the justice with dignity program. The total grants for 2013 were $372,500 and had 13 different grants that were awarded. Most of them were directed toward inmates who re leased back into the community; these grants were to help them to start over (â€Å"Fund For Nonviolence†, n.d.). It is predicted that in the two years over 3,700 more beds will be added to prisons. The state of California faces being held in contempt if they fail to meet their deadline of overcrowding. This brings up more costs for the state to have to fight this matter in court. Three judges orders 34 prisons to be downsized. The state faces two class-action lawsuits because the overcrowding has led to deaths. A report released by the correction’s department shows there is a $500 million dollar expansion project that would allow for two more prisons to be built, that means more officers, more health care staff, and more beds, just to 26,000. California passed the three strikes law and there has been a 36% increase in admissions. The three strikes law increased the prison population by 34,000. This is a record high for California (â€Å"Governing The States And Localities†, 2014). One answer California has to help offset the budget constrains is legalizing marijuana. The idea would be to use the excise tax, which could yield $770-900 million per year and the sales tax, another $240-360 million a year to reduce the states swelling budget. If the state was to legalize marijuana this would save over $200 million prosecution, arrest, trial, and prison time (Gieringer, 2009). The state of California is faced with a big challenge, how to reduce prison size and keep the re-entry rate low. The three strikes law has not helped with lowering the numbers. The Supreme Court passed AB 109, which told California they had two years to lower the prison population. California is faced with two on ongoing law suits that claim wrongful death suits. The state government has gone over how to reduce the budget and be able to find revenue to make the deficit lower. One thought was to legalize marijuana; this would not only bring a large  revenue but also save on costs from arrest, court, and jail time. Another approach was to build two more prisons to increase the population by 34,000. Also, the state could use more private prisons, they are funded by private entities but are still backed by the state. The prediction is the prison population will steadily increase, there for the need for more beds and more staff is apparent. References Anderson, A. (2014). Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/2008/10/22/prison-correctional-bonds-pf-ii-in_aa_1022fixedincome_inl.html Eaton, K. (2002-2011). BI. Retrieved from http://blog.bi.com/industry-news/ab-109-what-is-it-and-what-does-it-mean-to-california-counties Fund for Nonviolence. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.fundfornonviolence.org/index.html Gieringer, D. (2009). California NORML. Retrieved from http://www.canorml.org/background/ca_legalization2.html GOVERNING The States and Localities. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.governing.com/news/headlines/california-prison–overcrowding-its-going-to-get-worse.html Henrichson, C. (2012). VERA Institution of Justice. Retrieved from http://www.vera.org/sites/default/files/resources/downloads/Price_of_Prisons_updated_version_072512.pdf Krisberg, B. (2011). Berkeley Law University of California. Retrieved from http://www.law.berkeley.edu/files/REALIGNMENT_FINAL9.28.11.pdf Miller, D. (2012). Pro Quest A discovery guide. Retrieved from http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/prisons/review.pdf

Human Resource - 2202 Words

Part 1 The group decision making process Description Humans are small group beings. We always have been and we always will be. The ubiquitousness of groups and the inevitability of being in them makes groups one of the most important factors in our lives. As the effectiveness of our groups goes, so goes the quality of our lives. (Johnson and Johnson 2003: 579). Since I have studied in Exeter University, I have been taught to study in a group, which is totally different from my undergraduate course. In Human resource management class, we have been divided in three groups, there are seven people in my group.who are from China, Malaysia and Japan. Following Gibbs model of reflection(1988), this essays will illustrate five steps, which†¦show more content†¦I will link this theory to our group decision making. In order to complete human resource management course work which was a role play about company interview, firstly we defined the requirement of the role play. Then we collected relevant information and gathered our ideas. Thi rdly, we listed alternative options, one was only interviewer and candidate, the other was includingShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource And Human Resources2538 Words   |  11 Pages Human resources departments, has fueled the need for exceptional talent, Human resources is a departments, in some companies it has become a global workforce. Human resource offered Challenges, however, on the positive side, people can be hired for all kind of opportunities† human resources can consist of a group of people or one person. Human resources is over hiring, firing, training, and managing, also supplying a good benefit package, many companies has a human resource department whichRead MoreHuman Resources : Human Resource Professionals1709 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource professionals use several different methods to make sure that they have the best employees they can possibly have, as well as attain new ones. Human resources is a job all about the people that one works with. It is a job that keeps people safe, makes sure one’s rights are protected, helps generate a profit through the type of employees one hires, and a job that strives to give employees every opportunity to succeed. The hospitality industry is one which people are the main ingredientRead MoreHuman Resources And The Human Resource Department2150 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Human Resources are concerned with the management of people within an organization, not only to minimize internal issues but to also ensure a highly functional workforce. The department is responsible for recruiting suitable candidates, identifying and meeting the training needs of existing staff, ensuring employees welfare and safety, and raising awareness of current workplace legislation (BBC, 2014). In addition to the above responsibilities, the Human Resources Department alsoRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Management10880 Words   |  44 PagesHuman Resources Defined As a Salon Owner you may have heard the term Human Resources as these departments started showing up in small to large companies in the late 1960’s. The purpose of these departments was to have specialists that advised their Corporate Management staff on everything from hiring to performance management. Normally the department would be headed up by a person who was qualified, experienced and had formal education in Human Resource Management from an accredited college or universityRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human resource management Introduction As storey (2001) explains that human resource management concept is typical approach to business which quest to achieve competitive advantage through the strategic disposition of dedicated and committed human work force using array of values, culture, personnel and structural techniques. In simple word Human resource denotes to employees that help to run and drives an organisation which is also the main workforce of any organisationRead MoreHuman Resources And The Human Resource Department1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe Human Resource department is considered to be the most important department for the development and progress of the work processes of the concerned organization. The HR department plays the most crucial role in managing the desired activities of the employees of an organization as well as it recruits the skilled employees to the firm. This research paper will help in explaining the process by which the Human Resource adds desired values to an organization. For any of t he particular firm, theRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Human Resources938 Words   |  4 PagesHuman resource management is becoming higher in demand everyday. Employment for human resource manager is projected to grow 9 percent from 2014 to 2024 (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2016). On average this occupation is growing faster than most occupations. Over the 5 years to November 2019 jobs that will open for Human resource management is expected to be above average employing between 25,001 and 50,000 more (Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2016; Human Resource Manager, 2015). Whenever newRead MoreHuman Resource Department : The Human Resources Department816 Words   |  4 Pagestalented employees. The human resources department has had an important role and underappreciated role in employee hiring and retention. Through the use of strategic human resource planning, human resources departments are able to benefit a company both directly and indirectly. A direct benefit of the human resources department is the support the department provides to line managers. Human resource department staff are available to provide support to line managers, but human resource staff should notRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Human Resources925 Words   |  4 Pagesyou were to ask any human resources professional what their responsible functions were you would receive many different responses based on their department. â€Å"No two human resources departments have precisely the same roles because of differences in organization sizes and characteristics of the workf orce, the industry, and management values.† (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhard, Wright, 2016). Even though the roles in the departments are different, the functions that human resources are supportive of remainRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Management1286 Words   |  6 PagesAs I have written this essay I have come to the conclusion that the organisational structure is defined by its human resources processes. Human Resources (HR) or Human Resource Management (HRM) depending on your view point, has ultimately defined employees as a commodity. Where once there was security and familiarity within our employment; â€Å"security, permanent flux and change without beginning or end have become the established norm and this has had a consequential impact on the attitudes of employees

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Stereotypes Of Stereotypes Are Everywhere - 2445 Words

Stereotypes are everywhere. No matter which part of the world you are in, no matter who you talk to, there will always be stereotypes. In Stuyvesant, for example, the main stereotype deals with Asians. Typically, when most people think of Asians, their first instinct is to imagine an extremely studious child with millions of extracurricular who stays upridiculouslylate doing homework. He or she sits in a dark room, illuminated by only a small desk lamp, bending over the twenty page math homework assignment due for weeks in advance. In addition, if an Asian isn t getting straight A s in all of his or her classes, then the only valid conclusion is that they must be doing drugs. I mean, there is absolutely no other possible reason for a student of Asian descent to not be a straight-A student, right? Another relatively popular stereotype in Stuy is about Russian people. There is a relatively large number of Russian kids in Stuyvesant, and all of them have to deal with a couple of false preconceptions about their culture. All of the students of Russian descent are, without a doubt, permanently-drunk alcoholics. They have cold personalities and are very straight to the point. They rarely smile, but when they do, it is not a smile that isfriendly,but more of a smirk. They also all have an IV of vodka under their clothes to keep themselves constantly intoxicated without getting caught, right? I fall into the large group of Russians that are forced to fall victim to theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Stereotyping In Schools1122 Words   |  5 Pageson hate or fear. Stereotyping can cause behaviors that will be carried into ones adulthood. How we stereotype someone changes them? It changes the way we act towards them because of how we classify them. Stereotypes make people treat others differently, which begins to affect those who are being judged. The way people act towards a person can begin to shape that person. Stereotyping is everywhere, and that’s not good because people’s judgement of others changes how that person looks at himself.Read MoreStereotypes And The Athletic Snob1083 Words   |  5 PagesStereotype- a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Stereotypes show up everywhere, and the stories The Outsiders, a realistic fiction novel by S.E. Hinton, and the short story â€Å"The Athletic Snob† by Sam Barnes are no exceptions. In The Outsiders, the town Ponyboy Curtis lives in is divided in two: the rich, wild Socials, or Socs, and the quiet, tough Greasers. Throughout the course of the novel, Ponyboy, his brothers, and his friend s startRead MoreStereotypes of Africa: How Much Do You Know?669 Words   |  3 PagesThe word stereotype can be defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing. Stereotypes can be found everywhere, from schools to our views on the world. There are many stereotypes about Africans and Africa as a whole, and just like a majority of all stereotypes, they couldn’t be more wrong. One of the stereotypes about Africa is that it’s a country. It has often been argued that Africa isn’t a continent when, in actuality, it is the secondRead MoreRacial Stereotypes755 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different stereotypes in the world today. They can be used for different categories like age, gender and race. Stereotypes are formed by the media, passed down from many generations and also just the populations need to understand the social world around us. Racial stereotypes make up large portion of stereotypes in todays society. Racial stereotypes can be used for comedic effect and our found to be funny by a majority of people, but they can also be depicted as hate to an ethnicRead MoreEssay on Anti-Gay Bullying Stereotypes and Suicides825 Words   |  4 PagesAnti-Gay Bullying 1 Anti-Gay Bullying Stereotypes and Suicides HU300: Art and Humanities: Twentieth Century and Beyond Anti-Gay Bullying 2 Anti-Gay Bullying Stereotypes and Suicides Anti-gay bulling has increased over the years. There are more gays and lesbians committing suicide as a result. Asher Brown, a 13-year-old Houston, Texas teen committed suicide because he could not take the daily ridiculing of being bullied at school for years. Asher wasRead MoreEthnic Stereotyping : Nereotyping, And Racial Stereotypes910 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes Stereotypes refers to the features imposed upon individual groups which are conventional, formulaic and exaggerated regarding to their nationality, race and sexual alignment, among many others (Stuart Ewen Elizabeth Ewen; 2006). These features tend to be over simplications of the groups involved. For instance, somebody who meets some few people from a certain country and finds them to be old fashioned and quit may spread to all the people from the country in question are reserved andRead MoreStereotypes - A Hasty Generalization Essay example961 Words   |  4 PagesStereotypes are everywhere and can be about anyone. Generalized remarks about gender, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity or age are common forms of stereotyping. Any time someone makes hasty groupings whether by race, gender or an individual and makes a blanket judgment about them is stereotyping. Military members are no different than society. One of the militarys greatest assets is its diverse workforce but w ith diversity comes stereotypes. As a woman in the military, I frequently encounterRead MoreThe Social And Multicultural Differences Of The Movie Crash Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagestwo major behaviors observed are Prejudice and Stereotyping. These are identified as the causes of the events in the movie. The three main topics of this essay are, what do they say about the people who subscribe to them?, what are stereotypes?, and how have stereotypes affected your life (either by placing them on others or having them placed on you)? These all play a major role in the movie. What do they say about the people who subscribe them? In my opinion, stereotyping is just people assumingRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Stereotypes1362 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: In today’s world stereotypes play a huge role. Stereotypes are constantly discussed and spread among members of a society, and usually have a negative message. It is commonly said that a world without these stereotypes is how the world should be. However, this is unachievable. As harmful as a stereotype can be, it is necessary and it is a part of all of our lives. Stereotypes are inevitable and present in all places and therefore are a factor in all human beings lives whether they knowRead MoreStereotyping And Its Effects On The Workplace987 Words   |  4 Pagesthe ways people perceive people is stereotypes. Stereotypes is a way of judging someone by basing their perception on the group that they belong. Stereotyping is a shortcut for judging others. The problem with stereotyping is that it is a worldwide issue that includes widespread generalizations that may not be true when applied to a certain individual or situation. Stereotypes can influence individual’s decision making significantly. Research shows that stereotypes operates off of emotions and below

Brief Introduction of the Issues In the Meeting Free Essays

Aim at the irregular trade between the Saving Drugs Corporation and the European Union, I have taken down the introduction about the issues and want to turn to you for help. It will not just concern the company’s profit but also the immigrants’ who arrive in Southern Europe each year. Actually, the European Union is devastating to Saving Drugs Corporation’s business plan to import less costly pediatric polio drugs manufactured by Saving Drugs Corporation into the European Union. We will write a custom essay sample on Brief Introduction of the Issues In the Meeting or any similar topic only for you Order Now By using the measure of imposing a 100% tax on pediatric polio drugs of whose country of origin is other than one within the European Union or a former colony of an EU member in Africa or Asia, they can hinder Saving Drugs Corporation’s plan going on smoothly. In fact, it is not conformed to the common law. Tariff is used to limit exotic products and protect one country’s own products. Besides, it can also weaken the competition of other countries’ goods and prevent them against taking up the whole market. However, if one country raises the rate of tariff to 100%, it is not normal at all. â€Å"When the rate of tariff reaches one hundred percentages or several hundred percentages, it is a kind of Protective Duties. † Miecha just wants to warn the European Union of the high tariff rate, and they must take it into account and change the tariff rate. Besides, Miecha believes this is a blatant violation of the antidiscrimination provision of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) known as the national treatment rule, and she asserts the aim-and-effect of the EU tax is to discriminate against non-European immigrants. We should treat each man equally. â€Å"One should not lightly dismiss the inherent unfairness of, and the perception of mistreatment that accompanies a system of allocating benefits and privileges on the basis of skin color and ethnic origin. † Although the immigrants are not your own citizens, you still need to treat them as well as local people. The country should pay attention to their living conditions, work environment, healthy situation. If their fundamental conditions cannot be met, it is not good for the country’s stability and development. The European Union should not discriminate against non-European immigrants. In addition, WATT is concerned about the tariff and trade between countries, and it plays an important role in regulating and harmonizing the relationship of each other. For example, with the help of WATT, â€Å"Uruguay has lowered its industrial products’ tariff from 5% to 4%. † Under the WATT’s regulation, the tariff barriers could be solved much better. It is not conducive to international trade to raise the tariff too high; on the contrary, it will hinder and decrease the cooperation between different companies. Usually, we can work out the protective tariff rate by a formula: first, we use the domestic market price of the import products minus the international market price of the import products; second, we use the result of the above divide the international market price of the import products and then multiply 100%, and that is the appropriate tariff rate. If the European Union can formulate the correct tariff rate, Saving Drugs Corporation will keep a good relationship and cooperate with it. What is more, European Union’s policy will result in the burden to immigrants. Once the import tariff rises, the price to sale in the market will be higher at the same time. It is a kind of saving product, and the major purpose is to help those who live a hard life. If European Union still keeps the high tariff, it is not the Saving Drugs Corporation’s loss but also the poor immigrants’ loss too. The major purpose to have a meeting with congresswoman is ensuring that no WTO member would enact a measure that blatantly violated an international trade treaty. We should use the rules of WTO and WATT to protect the profit of the Saving Drugs Corporation whose drugs are intended for distribution to the over 20,000 African, sub-Saharan and the undocumented immigrants who arrive in Southern Europe each year. Each law in the world is based on the human nature, that is, people’s reasonable and legal profits will protected by the law. Nevertheless, if European Union still imposes the 100% tax on pediatric polio drugs, both the company and the poor immigrants will be harmed greatly. What we need most is a statement of the relevant rules of law needed to resolve the issue, a statement of the court’s holding on each issue, and a statement of the steps of the court’s reasoning in applying the rules to the facts to resolve each issue. I will wait for your answer and all of us wish it would be an impartial and reasonable decision. Bibliography: 1. Xiang Yijun, 2002, International Trade and Theory, Beijing: Chinese Agricultural Press 2. Frank I. Michelman, 2004, the Harvard Law Review, Reasonable Umbrage, V. 117 No. 5, Page1378 3. Tramy, 2004, GATT and WTO, http://tramy. blogdriver. com/tramy/94001. html How to cite Brief Introduction of the Issues In the Meeting, Papers

Sustainable Urban Agriculture Steinhardt Center †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Urban Agriculture Steinhardt Center. Answer: Steinhardt Center as a model for sustainable urban agriculture With the growing population in the United States, farming in cities has become a common aspect. In the current study the Steinhardt centre model had been taken into consideration where a farmer also takes into consideration social goals during the process of food production. The social missions could be related to establishment of food security, community building and educating people about urban sustainable agricultural practices. As commented by Zimmerman, Zhu Dimitri (2016), ethics of urban sustainable agriculture considers food as the vehicle for improving life of the residents and communities. The Steinhardt Center propagated the non-profit model for long term economic stability of socially minded urban farms. As argued by Fan Myint (2014), farms with social mission rather than sole market profitability have been seen to contribute more towards sustainable food production. The social motivations of urban farms can be specifically defined as social government for sustainable communities, where the organic food producers form affective networks based upon shares ideologies of sustainability and holism. However, there is a requirement for sufficient amount of support from federal and governmental agencies which can help such networks, become integrated into the major town planning as transition town movement for sustainable urban agriculture. Year round farming and growing of plants from different places of the world The model of urban sustainable agriculture can be helpful in maintaining year round supply of fresh fruits and vegetables. This sustainable agricultural practice also helps in reducing the use of pesticides and insecticides, which in excess doses could lead to biological magnification. Some farmers have been using innovative technologies along with controlled environment which allows them to grow food throughout the year. Some of the inventory technologies which could be mentioned over here are use of plant tissue culture for increasing the production rate of the endemic varieties. Additionally, some farmers have been growing and culturing plant varieties of diverse origins and nature in their nurseries. The urban farmers have been using vegetative propagation methods such stock cutting and grafting for maintaining year round propagation of the endemic varieties (Mirschel et al., 2016). The Steinhardt center has also been using organic farming approaches which ensure that pesticide o r insecticide free agricultural practices are established. Plant miniaturization in urban agriculture The totipotent nature of the plant cells have been utilised in order to regenerate whole new plants from a miniature explants. As commented by Troccoli et al. (2014), plant tissue culture methods have brought about a revolution within agricultural research aspects and approaches. In this respect, an explants taken from the desired plant variety and as small as a 2-5 mm can be grown and propagated using solidified media containing macro and micronutrients within controlled conditions. Single, small explants can give rise to hundreds and thousands of the same varieties of plants. In this respect, the miniaturization of plants reduces the demand for additional space and germplasm maintenance. Therefore, plant miniaturisation is both cost effective and an easy and convenient method of multiplication of the chosen plant varieties. References Fan, C., Myint, S. (2014). A comparison of spatial autocorrelation indices and landscape metrics in measuring urban landscape fragmentation. Landscape and Urban Planning, 121, 117-128. Mirschel, W., Wenkel, K. O., Berg, M., Wieland, R., Nendel, C., Kstner, B., ... Badenko, V. L. (2016). A spatial model-based decision support system for evaluating agricultural landscapes under the aspect of climate change. In Novel Methods for Monitoring and Managing Land and Water Resources in Siberia (pp. 519-540). Berlin:Springer International Publishing. Troccoli, A., Maddaluno, C., Mucci, M., Russo, M., Rinaldi, M. (2015). Is it appropriate to support the farmers for adopting conservation agriculture? Economic and environmental impact assessment. Italian Journal of agronomy, 10(4), 169-177. Zimmerman, R., Zhu, Q., Dimitri, C. (2016). Promoting resilience for food, energy, and water interdependencies. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 6(1), 50-61.